Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Hedley Bull And the Presence of the International Society Essay

Hedley Bull And the Presence of the International Society - Essay Example This report focuses on that there are circumstances where regardless of a war occurring, no state can accomplish triumph, in this manner arriving at an impasse. Under such conditions, both of these states play a functioning job in guaranteeing that the request is held inside the universal society in light of the fact that long wars may prompt the breakdown of the state. This paper has endeavored to concur with Hedley Bull’s explanation that the worldwide society has consistently been a piece of the world political framework. The worldwide society has been founded on the activities of states to ensure that their chief advantages are provided food for while simultaneously securing their reality. What's more, inside the world political framework, the universal society has been in presence for the most part through the impact of amazing states over more fragile ones. Also, from the beginning of time, the world has been ruled by a need to guarantee a level of influence with the goal that the state frameworks that had created could be secured. It is additionally fundamental to take note of that the universal society has been created through the readiness of states to guarantee that they cling to worldwide laws. Besides, tact assumes a pivotal job in the arrangement of a universal society since it takes into account the improvement of consistent con tact between the legislatures of various states. At last, regardless of its tumultuous nature, war has consistently been a significant factor in the arrangement of global society since the beginning as observed through the different clashes between states that have in the end brought about stable frameworks.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

How useful are the concepts of enterprise 'push' and 'pull' in Essay

How valuable are the ideas of big business 'push' and 'pull' in clarifying the components that impact the choices of individual - Essay Example They likewise include inventive exercises that are the reason enterprise is additionally seen as a significant transmission system that makes information as well as rouses financial development (The World Bank, 2011). Aside from this, business enterprise or independent work likewise acts an elective wellspring of work for the work power. Independent work is a kind of work status which includes a broad scope of differing action. Beginning an own business offers adaptability to the people and help them in meeting the monetary objectives just as the experts objectives. Business enterprise or independent work has been constantly upheld by administration of the various nations since it makes work inside the nation as well as supports in by and large development and advancement of the nation. Besides, progress of the nation as far as exchange, trade and advancement can be assessed from the expanding pace of independent work or enterprise in the nation (US Department of Labor, n. d.). Numer ous examinations in business enterprise writing have concentrated on the elements that lead the people to settle on for independent work. The two main considerations or variable that is generally connected with independent work is disappointment and vulnerability shirking. As per Brockhaus (1980), the disappointment of the representative with the past work is emphatically connected with the independent work or innovative choice of the person. The subsequent explanation is vulnerability evasion, which means how much an individual feels threatened to an obscure or unsure circumstance. This includes markers like soundness of work, inclination of remaining longer in a specific activity, and so forth. The present monetary state of the worldwide market, rising degree of joblessness on the planet, and unpredictable budgetary condition has prompted the expansion of vulnerability among the people, which guides them towards independent work. Different researchers have additionally contributed in understanding the elements that prompts business enterprise (Hamilton and Harper, 1994). Other than the apparent ability that prompts independent work or enterprise, for example, social, or budgetary, people would likewise need to uncover an eagerness for acting naturally utilized. For this situation pioneering inspiration assumes a significant job. Gilad and Levine (1986) has clarified the differentiations among pull and push innovative persuasive variables. It has been contended in the Model of the Entrepreneurial Event, that the appearance of any business relies upon the progressions that happen in the life of the person, which is likewise called a relocation. This relocation might be negative that is work misfortune, separate, and so on, or might be certain, for example, property or business acquired, and so forth. The qualities of the individual decide the manner in which the problematic occasions are seen, esteemed or experienced (Shapero and Sokol, 1982). The choice for t he enterprising profession is taken by the individual not due to a goal circumstance, but since of the observations that he/she has. The people start another business as a reaction to certain upsetting occasions that happen in their lives, or may veer off as well. People get inspired through different variables for business. The essential methodologies that prompts the advancement of pioneering m

Saturday, August 8, 2020

The Best (Work-Related) All-Nighter Ever

The Best (Work-Related) All-Nighter Ever While some of you have spent the last couple nights clutching admission letters to your hearts in a sleepless fervor of joy, Ive been putting pencil to paper(s) and finger to keyboard(s), writing my first arrangement ever for my jazz class without being completely sure what two of the instruments I was arranging for would sound like in real life. Twelve non-consecutive hours, 86 measures, five parts, thirty sheets of staff paper, and six papercuts later, I hauled my arrangement off to Kresge, where a ragtag band of classmates played the pieces. MIND BLOWN. I had no idea a flute could sound so jazzy with an alto sax. Somewhere in the middle of all this, I spent 8 hours scripting and rehearsing a dry run presentation for 6.UAT (i.e. Amateur Undergraduate Talking). Well be presenting to actual high school students in a couple weeks, and the point of this assignment is to teach a non-basic technical concept to people who are smart but have zero background on your topic, stripping down the details but not the concepts in such a way that they (a) can understand everything were saying (b) dont get bored. I hope we dont actually get graded on the second criterion. Since I have absolutely no sense of self-preservation, I decided to simplify the equivalent of the first 15 minutes of an introductory lecture for a graduate natural language processing class, plus some kind of inspirational/motivational message, into a 10-minute presentation for high schoolers. Ten. Minutes. Before taking this class, when I was an awkward, nervous speaker who read off slides that were obviously just bulleted versions of research papers, I would have thought this an eternity. But ten minutes is like the blink of an eye when youre being considerate of your audience, especially when youre trying to explain complicated research to high school students. I have infinitely more respect and appreciation for good presenters now. One rule of thumb weve discovered as the class has progressed is to never mention terminology before explaining the associated concept. With this in mind, I ended up translating a lot of this: into this. And, of course, inserting a lot of gratuitous Terminator references. They just somehow seem obligatory whenever you talk about artificial intelligence or machine learning. At first, I was hesitant, because all the visual content seemed like it might come off as oversimplified or condescending, and I felt like I should have thrown in more interesting problems to complement the basics I was describing. But when I presented it to my all-course-6 recitation, they apparently found this slide the most helpful. Someone actually commented, Avoid trying to pack the entire research field into one presentation, and I was like, But these are just the basics of parsing and I already had to let so much interesting stuff go, NOOOOOOOOOOOO! (Fortunately, I can blog about whatever I want here with the excuse of inserting Wikipedia links whenever I reference something complicated.) Looks like Ive still got a bit of work left before this presentation is completely accessible. But of course, this particular all-nighter pales in comparison to last semesters 30-hour performance optimization software labs, or the 90-hour mental marathon during which I coded a system that could identify satirical news articles, or the advanced algorithms take-home test. This is actually my easiest semester at MIT so far. Dont let this scare you, prefrosh. MIT is as hard as you want it to be, and as fun as you want it to be. Here are a couple of pleasant surprises for the brave souls who made it this far through my gruesome post. On Tuesday, a local farm sets up shop in Stata. In addition to standard produce items and absurdly large bundles of culinary herbs, they usually offer some random exotic fruit every week. With the weather finally getting better, I rallied my hall for a picnic. This week, the mystery special was a coconut, which I later managed to open with a hammer. Then this morning, refreshed from the first shower and consecutive nine hours of sleep in a long time, I learned how to play scales on a tenor saxophone that my neighbor got on Ebay. It fell to just above my knees, which is the threshold at which objects become awkward to carry. But I felt the blues.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Secret Identity Of Batman - 863 Words

I Can Breathe When you hear the name Bruce Wayne whom do you think of? If you have a background in comic books, then you probably know that Bruce Wayne is the secret identity of Batman. At least, that is the first thing that comes to our minds when we hear this name. The Bruce Wayne that I think of grew up in Erie, Pennsylvania, one of the poorest cities in the nation. At sixteen years old he was arrested and convicted for selling drugs, despite the prosecutors’ inability to prove that he was in possession of drugs, with intent to sell, during the time of his arrest. Twenty-two years later, in 2014, Bruce Wayne was finally released from prison. He was incarcerated during the years that usually sculpt constituents into good citizens; educated, working, and involved. I unequivocally believe that the government controls society by incarcerating those who are perceived as undesirable and by instilling fear in others, hindering the development of a healthy family life. At the start of the 1970s, incarceration appeared to be a practice in decline. Criticized for its overuse and detrimental effects, practitioners and reformers looked to community-based alternatives as a more promising strategy for managing criminal offenders. The conditions in which prisoners live are the poorest possible preparation for their successful reentry into society, and often reinforce in them a pattern of manipulation or destructiveness. When someone is criminalized for a behavior that was instilledShow MoreRelatedBatman as a Man Who May be Suffering from Dissociative Identity Disorder666 Words   |  3 PagesBatman as a Man Who May be Suffering from Dissociative Identity Disorder Many of us have grown up watching cartoons throughout our childhood. Of the many cartoons on television is Batman. This cartoon has been on television for many years. It is a story of a man who is a successful businessman during the day and a mysterious superhero by night. Bruce Wayne is the man who is this mysterious man with the two identities. He is both Bruce Wayne and Batman. Only a selected few know both ofRead MoreIs Batman a Real Super Hero Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Comic Book Art Is Batman a Real Super Hero Is Batman a real super hero, according to a lot of people they would say he is not and when you would ask for a reason why not; they will usually always give the same reason that he can’t be one since he has no super power. But I’m writing this paper to show that a superhero isnt necessarily defined by his powers, but rather, his zeal for fighting crime and his innate ability to do so. Batman may not have super human powers butRead MoreCompare And Contrast Batman Of Dc And Iron Man925 Words   |  4 Pagescompanies, two of the most well known superheroes are Batman, of DC, and Iron Man, of Marvel. Though they have much in common, they have many differences that need to be discussed, because people are constantly trying to argue whether or not one hero is better than the other. Batman and Iron Man are two of these said heroes. Let’s start with money. Money is always a factor in life, is it not? I wish it were otherwise, but both Iron Man and Batman are successful in protecting the people of their respectiveRead MoreThe Dark Knight By Christopher Nolan1428 Words   |  6 Pagesnineteen thirty nine, Batman and his struggle to preserve the order in the city of Gotham, where he was born and raised. He is challenged by the strongest adversary he has ever met, a disturbed name that goes by the name the Joker, when he claims that everyday Batman doesn’t give up his identity he will kill people. With the combined efforts of Harvey Dent, the plucky new District Attorney in Gotham, the police and their chief, Commissioner Gordon, and the of the vigilante Batman the Joker is broughtRead MoreA Dream Thief By Christopher Nolan1605 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Nolan s extit{Inception} depicts Dom Cobb as a dream thief with the ability to enter ones unconscious or subconscious through dreams, and ac cess their secrets. His particular set of skills costs him his wife s life, and as a result, loses the ability to see his kids as well. He and a team of associates are briefed with the task to plant an idea in Robert Fischer, the heir of a multi-billion dollar empire. However Cobb s constant battle with his past proves more of an obstacle thanRead MoreThe Heroes Of Superman And Superman927 Words   |  4 Pagesthat bring in awe to anyone s face. Some of the most iconic superheroes are Superman and Batman. Ask anyone to name a superhero that they admire, more than likely they will mention either those two. Batman is a mysterious, lone wolf style hero. With Superman, he is a more personable and charming hero. It is difficult to say who is the best out of these two superheroes due to their unique skill sets. .Batman and Superman both strive to make the world a safe and crime free environment, but certainRead MoreEssay Analysis of the Super Hero Series Batman1532 Words   |  7 Pages the Super Hero Series Batman. This crime fighter originally appeared in Detective Comics issue #27 in 1939. It later became a comic book series, a TV series and a movie series. The character Batman is second only to Superman as a Super Hero. Amazingly Batman has no super powers, but he does have a lot of neat crime fighting gadgets. In this paper, we will explore the creation of Batman, his supporting cast of characters both good and bad and the gadgets he used. Batman was created after DetectiveRead MoreEssay about Batman: Masked Vigilante1679 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Batman, Gotham City is the kind of place that needs a masked vigilante to restore law and order. Police officers are openly crooked, while politicians and judges are also in the pocket of mob boss. By the time of The Dark Knight, things have improved in Gotham City. Justice does prevail outside the law in The Dark Night, because Gotham’s legal system and government are corrupt and dysfunctional. Batman and his police contact, Lieutenant Jim Gordon, have dramatic success cleaning up theRead MoreJustice in Gotham Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Batman, Gotham needs a masked vigilante to swiftly restore justice and order to the city. Police officers are openly crooked, while politicians and judges are in the pockets of the mobsters. By the time of The Dark Knight, things have started to improved in Gotham. Batman and Lieutenant Jim Gordon, have had a stonishing success fighting the mob in Gotham. Their success has been paralleled by that of District Attorney Harvey Dent, Gotham’s â€Å"white knight.† He is seemingly incorruptibleRead MoreMovie Analysis : Superman, Batman, And Iron Man1495 Words   |  6 PagesMovies now a days such as the Avengers, Suicide Squad, and Captain America, value teamwork. In the films Superman, Batman, and Iron Man, they reveal how back in the early 2000’s America valued independence compared to these recent movies like the Avengers, Suicide Squad, and Captain America and how they value teamwork. In comparison to today’s superhero films, the Avengers are a collaboration between the marvel superheros who team up and try to stop the apocalypse from the aliens. Superhero films

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Aristotle s Philosophy On Ethics - 2206 Words

Aristotle was a premier Greek philosopher who had some very interesting concepts on ethics, which are collectively called the Nicomachean Ethics. His collection of work has led to the development of many theories on the basis for human existence. The main question by Aristotle’s series of lectures is the bane of human existence. According to Aristotle, humans seek happiness (4). If anything promises happiness, then human will go in the direction it leads. Aristotle was also just as interested in other areas such as virtue. His opinion of human ethical action is based on the rationality of human beings. Being rational beings, human beings will always assess situations before making decisions. Virtue is not only a predisposition found in†¦show more content†¦Individual civic virtues is connected to a world made up of a number of elements such as understanding individual importance the community, and seeking to serve one’s community. Without a sense of civic duty , individuals would be lost and would not know how to interrelate with other members of their community. Civic virtue is more than just acknowledging that the word is made up of more than one individual, it is accepting that one is not alone, and thus one needs to think of others when doing anything. Civic virtue is composed of various elements. One such element is participation. In order to be virtuous civically, one has to actively participate in social activities. Taking part means contributing one’s skills, expertise and thoughts on matters that are socially acceptable. Any community requires active participation of all its members, which is something that is really not seen today. Another element of civic virtue is trustworthiness. Citizens, in addition to being actively involved in what is happening in their respective societies should be able to be trusted. This is because participation sometimes being involved means being accorded responsibility of communal assets. Th ey should be wasted, and they should not be used for individual gain. This is important because sometimes people misuse things given to them by their communities, and forget that they are not alone. This may lead to corruptive practices. Lastly, the last aspect of civic virtue

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cja 234 Jail and Prison Free Essays

Jail and Prison CJA 234 Jails and prisons from the outside perspective seem to have the same meaning. Although jails and prisons are a part of the criminal justice system correctional system, the fact is jails and prisons are different. The jail system is a short-term facility where inmates are confined until their trial date. We will write a custom essay sample on Cja 234 Jail and Prison or any similar topic only for you Order Now State and Federal prisons are long-term facilities where inmates are confined after being convicted. The roles and functions of jails throughout history set the standards for jail. An inmate is taken after they have been arrested for committing a crime. Jail is a short-term location for inmates who are awaiting trial or sentencing. Inmates sentenced to twelve months or less serve their time in jail. Jails are owned and operated by the states local government or the sheriff’s office. â€Å"The first jails were created in England and they were called gaol† (Seiter, 2011, p. 72). Early jails had terrible conditions such as filth, no medical care, and poor food. There were times when large numbers of inmates were contained in one large room. â€Å"Jails were used to house displaced persons, the poor, and the mentally ill because of the vagrancy problems during he fourteenth and eighteen centuries† (Seiter, 2011, p. 72). In 1773, John Howard was the sheriff of Bedfordshire. During his inspection of the local jail John was surprised by the horrible conditions. To find examples of prisons that could be replicated in England, John Howard visited other European countries. John Howard along with members of the English Hou se of Commons drafted the Penitentiary Act of 1779. A reformatory regime that required inmates to be confined in cells unless they were working in common rooms, secure and sanitary, systematic inspections, nd abolition of fees were the four requirements created from this act for English prisons and jails. Jails have an important role in corrections; jails are also known as correctional centers. The purpose of jail is confine criminals to punish them for their wrongdoings. Criminals must be held accountable for their own actions, the criminal’s punishment is determined after conviction. The theory for incarceration is that if criminals are imprisoned they will not commit crimes. Being incarcerated gives inmates the opportunity to evaluate their actions to make wiser decisions. State prisons are operated by the state; state prisons are prisons that confine inmates that have committed state crimes or crimes committed in that state. Every state has its own penal code. When an inmate is serving more than one year they are contained in a state prison. Robbery and sex crimes are examples of state crimes. Federal prisons are prisons that confine inmates that have committed federal crimes. Federal prisons are operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The Bureau of Justice Statistics states inmates confined to federal prisons are the legal authority f the federal government. Jails and prisons classify inmates by security levels. It is essential for each inmate to be assessed and classified into the appropriate correctional setting. If prisoners were held in a prison without concern for classification there would be a several concerns. Jails, state prisons, and federal prisons purpose is to confine and rehabilitate criminals. Institutional misconduct, prison violen ce, over crowdedness, and prison escapes are a few concerns. Inmates are separated by the seriousness of the crime committed, previous records, and violence history. Security levels are physical features that jails, state prisons, and federal prison have in place to control the behavior of inmates and prevent them from escaping. Jails have security levels that inmates are evaluated and confined to. The security levels are the basic security levels. The type of security in a jail is at the jails discretion. The Cook County Sheriff’s office categorized by divisions. There are different types of jails and prisons. Each security level has rules and restrictions, they have some similarities but, they are different. The igher the security level the more restrictions are in place. In state prisons inmates are classified by security levels. The security level is determined by each state. Inmates are categorized by the type of problems they have and their violence level. The common levels of security for state prisons are low, medium, high, and maximum security. States do not categorize the security levels with the same name even though the definit ions are the same. Jails, state prisons, and federal prisons have the same theory, which is protecting the public by ensuring the accused and convicted are detained. There are five security levels in the federal prisons system: minimum, low, medium, high, and administrative. According to the Federal of Bureau of Prisons website the highest percentage of inmates is in low security. The different security levels are necessary to confine the offenders appropriately. The minimum security institutions are known as Federal Prison Camp (FPCs). The FPC’s have limited perimeter fencing. The low security institutions are known as Federal Correctional Institutions (FCIs). The FCI’s have double-fenced perimeters. The medium security FCI’s have double-fenced perimeters with electronic detection systems. The high security institutions are known as the United States Penitentiaries (USPs). The USPs are highly secured with walls or reinforced fences. Jails and prisons are places where inmates are incarcerated to become rehabilitated. There are similarities and differences between jail, state prison, and federal prison, the main difference in the amenities and programs. Jails are locally operated, state prisons are operated by the state, and federal prisons are operated by the federal government. The difference in jail, state, and federal rison is how defendants serve their time. Defendants that are convicted of state crimes serve their time in state prison, defendants that are convicted of federal crimes serve their time in federal prison. Defendants that are convicted of minor crimes and sentenced to two years or less serve their time in a jail. Because jails are considered to be short-term, state prisons and federal prisons offer training and programs that jails do not offer. A county jail may offer work release programs. State and federal prions also offer work release programs, they also may have alfway houses services or vocational training. The jail and prions system has the tools necessary to ensure offenders will become positive productive members of society. The prison population has increased. The factors that influence the growth in jails, state prisons, and federal prisons are economic conditions, sentencing laws, crime rates, and offenders returning to prison. Jails and prisons are different, each facility have its own problems. The common goal between jail and prions is serving and protecting the community and helping the convicts reenter society as positive productive members. References Bureau of Justice Statistics. Office of justice programs. Retrieved from http://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm? ty=tptid=133 Cook county Sheriff website. Retrieved from http://www. cookcountysheriff. org/doc/doc_DivisionsOfJail. html Federal Bureau of Prisons. An agency of the U. S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://www. bop. gov/about/facts. jsp. http://www. bop. gov/locations/institutions/index. jsp Seiter, R. (2011). Corrections: An introduction, Third Edition. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. How to cite Cja 234 Jail and Prison, Papers

Friday, May 1, 2020

3D Printing for the Built Environment-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss is 3D Printing for the Built Environment- Feasible? Answer: Introduction 3D printing is the process of manufacturing an object in three dimension formations with material layer by layer. 3D printing is one of the additive layer fabrication processes, this technology uses a computer-based system to make a 3D model of the object and manufacture it by adding a layer at a time. This technology has enhanced and significantly upgraded into a great instrument for various fields. Merging various fields in single product formed 3D printer as it involves design, electronics, manufacturing, materials and business. 3D printing is known as additive manufacturing, as it is not like subtractive manufacturing and it adds material with lot of layers instead of removing material (Hager, Golonka and Putanowicz, 2016). This is beneficial for many fields such as researchers, manufacturers, designers, engineers and scientists. The 3D printing technology is revolutionising the procedure of manufacturing in various industries. It entirely modifies not only the manufacturing fiel d, but also entire life of people in the future as 3D printer makes feasible to complete model in a single process. 3D printing is an advancement of printing technologies which can manufacture or reproduce elegant structures in one piece. This technology offers direct manufacturing as through a printer, physical product can be generated directly by inputting a design from an idea. 3D printing is an innovative technology, it started in the 80s and named as rapid prototyping. Today, 3D printers offer to manufacture a physical object from digital model as per the imagination. In order to use 3D printer, firstly preparation is mandatory before printing, like designing a 3D file of the object that has to be printed. To design 3D model or file there are many ways such as through CAD software, websites like Blender and Google SketchUp or it can be simply downloaded from online marketplace for pre made designed models (Kellens, et. al., 2017). When the 3D model is ready for printing then the printing process has to be done. For printing process, initially material has to be decided which would be required for the object. 3D printing provides vast variety of materials such as plastics, resins, sand, ceramics, metals, textiles, biomaterials, glass, food and also lunar dust (Peng, 2016). After deciding the materials for manufacturing and finishing of the object for the accurate result of design, the object has to be printed and if it has not been sanded, lacquered or painted to finish it as deliberated then usually it cannot be directly used or delivered. Printin g methods depend on material selected for the project. Printing techniques of each material are described; if plastic or alumide has to be used during manufacturing then fused deposition modelling technology (FDM) and SLS technology would be best suitable. FDM is the most frequently used printing technique because of the number of printers accessible in the market. In this technique the material is being melted and emitted with the help of a nozzle by each layer at a time to 3D print the object. Thickness of the layer is influenced by the quality of 3D print (Sculpteo, 2018). As compared to other 3D printing technologies, FDM is an affordable 3D printing process. SLS technology is a laser sintering 3D printing technique which includes fabrication of an item by melting layers of powder collectively to manufacture an object. If the materials are resin or wax during the additive manufacturing then there are four methods of 3D printing such as Stereo lithography (SLA), Digital light processing (DLP), Continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) and Multi jet printers. A tank is used of remediable photopolymer resin in SLA method. The build plate goes down and where UV laser creates cross section layer by layer then the liquid polymer is exposed to light. DLP method is similar as the SLA method, the difference is that in DLP method a safelight is used instead of UV laser to cure the photopolymer resin (Sculpteo, 2018). DLP method can be used for silver and brass 3D printing. CLIP method is used with a continuous sequence of UV images which are produced by a digital light projector, with the help of an oxygen permeable, UV transparent window under a liquid resin bath. Multi Jet printers are similar to SLA method, in this method UV light is used by poly jet and multi jet 3D printing techniques to link a phot opolymer. A printer jet pours tiny droplets of the photopolymer in the shape of the first layer and not scan laser to cure layers. When metal has to be used as material, then the methods would be DLP, Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and Electron beam melting (EBM). DLP can be used for silver and brass 3D prints. Primarily a wax model is 3D printed then lost was casting technique is used as before the wax is melted the pattern has to be made around it to create the object. In DMLS method laser is used as primary source to sinter metal powder through laser cross section layer by layer of the object (Sculpteo, 2018). In EBM method laser is not used during 3D print, instead of laser and electron beam is used to 3D print the metal. This electron beam melts the metal powder layer by layer and has ability of full melting of the metal powder. When multicolour is required during the 3D printing, then the methods used are Binder jetting, Selective deposition lamination (SDL) and Triple jetting technology (Poly jet). Binder jetting is very popular and useful as it provides the facility of producing detailed 3D prints with colour. To apply a layer of powder on the build platform, the automated roller is used. Liquid binder and colour can also be applied to create a cross section of the product. SDL method is processed with the help of paper. In this process layers of adhesive coated paper are stuck together with the support of high temperature roller and then slash with a laser cutter to give the appropriate shape (Fosso, 2017). Triple jetting technology includes printing with the three materials and can also use three colours. 3D printing is experiencing a boom in recent years. This technology is also known as additive manufacturer and helps to design and manufacture products faster than ever before. Hence, it is becoming more potential even if we consider environmental issues. 3D printing is friendly for environment by supportable material. If we think about sustainability then the important part is material used for 3D printing (Chen, 2016). In the last years, there have been some cases where development of 3D printer materials from recycled plastic has been practiced. According to Joshua Pear the plastic fibre from milk jugs is energy efficient. 3D printing is turning waste into fashion as this technology is not only helpful in reducing waste. Whereas, it also offers variety of ways for reuse the waste for the fashion industry. For example, the sports brand Adidas has printed shoe, which has a 3D printed midsole manufactured from recycled fishing nets. 3D printing uses a lot of energy. 3D printers are utilizing lasers or heat 50 to 100 times more electricity than production from traditional techniques to manufacture the same object of the equal weight. However, it has important impact on environment as in many areas electricity has been generated from fossil fuel sources (Liu, et. al., 2016). Less material is being used in 3D printing technology as compared to traditional manufacturing methods. 3D printing methods offers to melt, fuse, bind and sinter the amount of plastic, metal and ceramic. Whereas, in subtractive manufacturing usually cutting has to be done of excess material so the additive manufacturing is very different from the subtractive manufacturing. As energy has not been used to produce extra material and also to remove it during subtractive method has to be done. Hence, it uses less energy as compared to other methods. 3D printing is beneficial for environment as it has the ability to print objects at any place like at store or at home and this reduces the need to transport the objects manufactured. Hence, helpful in lowering the emissions caused with the transportation. 3D printed products are usually up to 50 per cent lighter than the products manufactured through standard techniques (Pirjan and Petrosanu, 2013). Hence, during transportation of the 3D printed products, less energy would be required. Whereas, the transportation is very less of the overall environmental impacts because when a product has to be shipped from thousands of miles away in any other country. 3D printed objects are usually manufactured of thermoplastic, which is not the greenest material and cannot be frequently recycled. Thermoplastic can be recycled by several machines in the market like the material which is from unsuccessful prototypes for use in 3D printers (Mendoza, 2015). Whereas, the more this recycled plastic is being recycled it becomes more delicate which tend users to become reluctant to try it. The industry is trying and working on improving their recycling technologies. 3D printing is environmentally-friendly as it prevents to use traditional petroleum based materials and includes the use biodegradable and renewable plant based sources. The two major plastics used in additive manufacturing come from corn (Rogers, et. al., 2016). Poly lactic acid creates little waste as it is biodegradable, renewable and nontoxic. In this industry because of these reasons this choice is on priority. This industry asks their designers to make lighter weight products. More time would be consumed for making something big. So, they line up the incentive structures of the economies and this would be helpful in meeting environmental priorities. 3D printing offers to manufacture the light weight and strong complex shapes very fast. This technique helps in manufacturing cars and wind turbines and when these products are made with lighter weight parts then they can be helpful in saving energy. 3D printing also has positive impact socially than environmental (Silva Barros, 2017). As 3D printing can be used at any place for printing objects, then this technique should be used in developing countries that are not connected from global supply chains. Additive manufacturing can efficiently employ raw materials and their functionality. In a powder based process, nonconsolidated raw materials are used such as in powder bed fusion that can be reused that would help in diminishing material waste (Boon and Van, 2017). Optimisation in the design of the object has been enabled by free form fabrication of the additive manufacturing. The optimal design will help in reduction of materials, energy, fuel, or natural resources in the product manufacturing. When huge amounts of energy are wasted like in moulding or casting, then the additive manufacturing can change the process and can also save resources utilised on the fabrication of tooling during production. 3D printing is revolutionizing every field. This technique is beneficial for environment in many ways such as, new body parts can be printed and working ovaries for mice can be created. Biologists made infertile mice fertile again by providing them 3D printed ovaries. Hence, it can be said that this technique is helpful in saving the world (Mohr and Khan, 2015). This technique is helpful in predicting natural disasters as 3D geospatial modelling is easy to create, carry and transfer environmental safety messages, 3D landscapes has been best way of communication for geoscientists by satellites designed for disaster response. With the help of 3D printing, scientists can provide an understanding to people regarding landscape and the risk (Insight, 2013). This help in taking prior and effective actions for safety. All over the globe these printed models are being used for the safety purpose, these address critical problems such as cliff erosion, volcanic eruption and wildfires. 3D printi ng technique offers to create a bamboo bike by using natural resources like hemp and resin (Baumann and Roller, 2017). This bike has been created by using sustainably sourced material, holding bamboo rods together by tubular joining pieces called lugs. Lugs have been created by bio fibre and a plant based resin glue. When bamboo bicycle is created by using 3D printing then it has been analysed that lugs have been created from carbon fibre filament, carbon fibre is recyclable. 3D printing can be done on demand, as parts can be manufactured when they are required by producing on demand. This simply means instead of manufacturing products in bulk, now with the help of 3D printing production can be done when the objects are needed. This is beneficial in saving storage (Surange and Gharat, 2016). The less manufacturing of stock allows putting the less capital, on demand production is also beneficial because risk of unsold stock or wastage stock is less and also prevent from selling the stock on discount (Garcia, Claver and Sebastian, 2017). 3D printing lower the carbon dioxide footprint, other manufacturing techniques causes the emission of carbon dioxide because most of the machines use fuel for their operation. The carbon dioxide causes air pollution and global warming. According to the research done by an aerospace and defence research organisation on the environmental impacts of additive printing, it was found that along with the fact that this technique s ave usage of energy and reduce the carbon dioxide emission during transportation, 3D printing also makes lighter aircraft components, almost 40% less carbon dioxide has been used during the production process of these kind of printed parts. Conclusion It has been concluded from the above report that 3D printing technology has positive impact on the environment. 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing and we have discussed the process of using 3D printing and also discussed about the materials used in this technique. There are different methods of 3D printing according to various materials. We have discussed the advantages and limitations of this technique. 3D printing is having a tremendous impact on industries such as aerospace and automotive to healthcare. This technique is turning waste into fashion, as it is utilizing waste in fashion industry. Huge amount of electricity and energy is being saved in this technique as compared to other techniques. 3D printing prevents the carbon dioxide emission. It is beneficial for environment as it prevents to use petroleum based materials and tends to use biodegradable and renewable sources. With the help of 3D printing technique the transportation has been reduced as it can be used anywhere and this technique offers to manufacture lighter weight products. This technique helps in knowing the disasters previously so that prior safety actions could be taken. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing which is beneficial for environment. References Baumann, F.W. and Roller, D., 2017. Additive Manufacturing, Cloud-Based 3D Printing and Associated ServicesOverview.Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing,1(2), p.15. Boon, W. and Van Wee, B., 2017. Influence of 3D printing on transport: a theory and experts judgment based conceptual model.Transport Reviews, pp.1-20. Chen, Z., 2016. Research on the impact of 3D printing on the international supply chain.Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2016. da Silva Barros, K., 2017.Identification of the environmental impacts contributors related to the use of Additive Manufacturing technologies(Doctoral dissertation, Universit Grenoble Alpes). Fosso Wamba, S., 2017. 3D Printing and Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review and Research Agenda. In5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (Meche), September(Vol. 30). Garca-Domnguez, A., Claver, J. and Sebastin, M.A., 2017. Study for the selection of design software for 3D printing topological optimization.Procedia Manufacturing,13, pp.903-909. Hager, I., Golonka, A. and Putanowicz, R., 2016. 3D printing of buildings and building components as the future of sustainable construction?.Procedia Engineering,151, pp.292-299. Insights, M.M., 2013. Layer-by-Layer: Opportunities in 3D printing Technology trends, growth drivers and the emergence of innovative applications in 3D printing. Kellens, K., Baumers, M., Gutowski, T.G., Flanagan, W., Lifset, R. and Duflou, J.R., 2017. Environmental dimensions of additive manufacturing: Mapping application domains and their environmental implications.Journal of Industrial Ecology,21(S1). Liu, Z., Jiang, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, T. and Zhang, H.C., 2016, June. Sustainability of 3D Printing: A Critical Review and Recommendations. InASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference(pp. V002T05A004-V002T05A004). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Mendoza, A.J., 2015. Legal and Social Implications of the 3D Printing Revolution. Mohr, S. and Khan, O., 2015. 3D Printing and Supply chains of the Future.Innovations and Strategies for Logistics and Supply Chains, pp.147-174. Peng, T., 2016. Analysis of energy utilization in 3d printing processes.Procedia CIRP,40, pp.62-67. Prjan, A. and Petrosanu, D.M., 2013. The impact of 3D printing technology on the society and economy.Journal of Information Systems Operations Management, p.1. Rogers, H., Baricz, N. and Pawar, K.S., 2016. 3D printing services: classification, supply chain implications and research agenda.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,46(10), pp.886-907. Sculpteo, 2018. 3D Printers and 3D Printing: Technologies, Processes and Techniques [Online]. Accessed from: https://www.sculpteo.com/en/3d-printing/3d-printing-technologies/ [2nd April 2018]. Surange, V.G. and Gharat, P.V., 2016. 3D Printing Process Using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM).International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),3(03).

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Article Review Essay Example

Article Review Essay The productivity of a company is strongly related to its people and its strategies. The Employees bring along a wide range of qualifications, abilities and knowledge, which might as well be useless to the company needs. Some of them identify with the company and are motivated in helping reaching goals, while others see the company as a vehicle meant to satisfy their own targets. This paper touches upon the importance of retention of the employees and human capital investment. This paper will highlight the impact of these issues based on the employee’s performance, motivation and the ultimate benefit for the organization. This discussion paper is based on a research conducted in â€Å"Telecommunication sector in Pakistan† Impact of training on employee performance and an academic journal on â€Å"Impact of employee retention on performance. † During my research I have found that organizations invest a huge capital on employee development, but due to transfer or termination of the trained staff after the training the organization could not get the return on their investment. This is because of a poor retention system of the organization. With this if those who are already employed leave the organization in high numbers the organization will suffer in response. In order to increase the productivity of the organization it is important to have an efficient labor force. Efficient labors need to create by the organization by providing them the relevant trainings they require. Thus training involves changing skills, knowledge, attitude, or behavior. Determination of the organization need, the work to be done and the skill necessary to complete this work, training program should naturally. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Article Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Article Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A proper system of training and learning is important for the human resource development. The learning and enhancement of knowledge of the labors creates a healthy and productive labor force. If this is proper managed by the HR then the retention of these skilled training staff will be motivated and loyal toward the organization. 1- Summarization of the Academic Journal 1 1. 1 Impact of training on employee performance This research was conducted in the telecommunication sector of in Pakistan among among the employees of five telecom companies. This was a 360 study; the information was extracted through questionnaires which were distributed among the employees. It has been observed that most organizations meet their needs for training in an ad hoc and haphazard way while others set about identifying their training needs, then design training activities in a rational manner and finally assess the results of training. The study concludes that if organizations invest in right type of employee training it can enhance employee performance as well as competencies and skills. In addition, training is seen as a useful means of coping with changes fostered by technological innovation; market competition, organizational structuring and most importantly it plays a key role to enhance employee performance. A complementary relationship was found between receiving informal training and receiving on-the-job or off-the-job training. Training generates benefits for the employee as well as for the organization by positively influencing employee performance through the development of employee knowledge, skills, ability, competencies and behavior (April, 2010). Organizations that are dedicated to generating profits for its owners, providing quality service to its customers and beneficiaries, invest in the training of its employees. The more highly motivated a trainee, the more quickly and systematically a new skill or knowledge is acquired. That is why training should be related to money, job promotion, and recognition etc, i. e. something which the trainee desires (Flippo, 1976). There are four prerequisites for learning: Motivation comes first. Cue is the second requirement. The learner can recognize related indicators (cue) and associate them with desired responses with the help of training. Response comes third. Training should be immediately followed by positive reinforcement so that the learner can feel the response. Last is the feedback; it is the information which learner receives and indicates in the quality of his response. This response must be given as quickly as possible to make sure successful learning (Leslie, 1990). Issues and recommendation 1. 2 ISSUES Organizations are installing latest technologies hardware and software to remain competitive in the global market. Same is the case with the employees they do want to improve their skills, competencies and capabilities by training programs held by the organizations. In the absence of adequate Training and development opportunities employee will feel dissatisfied and de-motivated as technology is changing rapidly and everyone wants to keep himself up-to-date according to new technology and techniques. Employees returning to work after some years caring for children or after a long break may feel anxious about the new job, even when they may have worked for the company in the past. They may feel out of touch with developments, and in need of re-establishing themselves. These are also an issue which needs to be considered. Offering training and extra help to settle in and become valuable members of the organization is an important role in human resource development. (Sultana 2012) Employees who are committed to their job assignments, they have high level of job involvement and there is a very constructive relationship between job involvement and performance. Research studies show that there is not a compulsion that the workforce who is more committed to the job is also expected to remain in the organization for the long time period. Such type of workforce is more successful and beneficial for the organization as ompared to the workforce who is not genuinely committed to the organization and remains in the organization for life If the organization fails to conduct training to the development employees, employees will not be confident enough to adopt the advancement brought into working style. The flexibility to adopt these changes will be very slow resulting a less confident, slow and inefficient labor force. The impact of this issue for the organization would be difficult to survive with the technological changes in the market and to gain a favorable market share. This could be a very harmful threat if the organization has already a large number of competitors in the market. 1. 3 RECOMONDATION I would recommend conducting training would be the best solution this will keep the employees informed regarding the changes. Organization can conduct induction program for the new recruiter. The best way for the existing hardworking labors would be to conduct on the job trainings. The employers can conduct refresher trainings quarterly. This will lead them to motivation that they are continuously learning and organization is giving them opportunities to develop themselves. The factors which influence the capacity of an employee to become competitive are the skills, intrinsic abilities and levels of motivation. An effective training and development program provides learning opportunities to the employees, develop their capabilities and competencies, polish their personality and skills and make them Confident. Developments of skills encourage employees to deal with difficulties and enhance their efficiency (Deckop et al. , 2006). This retains the employee within the organization and leads him toward higher organizational commitment and loyalty and optimum performance. In addition after training and development employee becomes more competent, and useful for the organization. Training is an important task of Human resource practices which can be used for the retention and development of employees, training and development also has a dual relationship. In the absence of adequate Training and development opportunities the employees will be lacking confidence in facing new thing in the organization. This will create and unproductive labor force by reducing the production speed by generating less quality product which leads to loss of the company. Summarization of the Academic Journal 2 2. 4 Impact of employee retention on performance This paper suggests that a retention plan is important for each organization in order to have a productive labor force. The paper further more discuss that an effective retention plan attains employee loyalty and in addition brings motivation, satisfaction and involvement in the tasks and assignments which ultimately opti mize employee performance as well as organizational productivity. Talented employees and knowledge workers are difficult to attain, expensive to train and essential to retain in the world of global competition and talent shortage. Retained employees possess high level of loyalty with the organization and perform their work task not only physically but emotionally and cognitively as well (M. Rizwan, et. al. 2011). Motivated employees focus on their end goals and attempt to achieve them; they never bother constraints and limitations (Zareen, M. , Razzaq, K. , Mujtaba, B. G. , 2013). All the employees cannot be retained by any specific compensation plan even being on the same hierarchical levels. Some employees strive for monetary rewards others want performance appraisal, some desire for authority and involvement in decision making process with their new ideas and concepts. All these types of employees should be managed and retained by different compensations plans which better fit to their psychological requirements so they feel satisfied with their needs, tend to be more effective, productive and helpful for the organization for achieving their own goals and organizational outcomes. In this paper the researcher discuss about the skilled and trained staff leave the organization if there is no retention plan retains them in the organization. And further more discuss that training is expensive, if the organization has a huge turn over than the human capital investment will not be affordable for such organization. The more the organization spends on training employees the less they gain through the productivity of the employees due to high turnover. As solution for this issue the paper has suggested to motivate the employees. Motivation is a psychological process that causes the arousal direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed. Valued employees are very important to retain with the organization by monetary and non-monetary rewards, making them involved in decision making and by providing them opportunities for their learning and development of their capabilities. But this cannot be generalized because of the fact that different employee show different behaviors towards compensation and their loyalty cannot be achieved by any rule of thumb. Sultana, 2013) Motivation is a psychological process that causes the arousal direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed. Employees behave in a purposive way, they tend to show positive behavior by performing work related activities timely, on the contrary they behave negatively as well when feel dissatisfied and de-motivated by their work or when they feel ignored by their top management. Human nature wants to be rewarded and praised for all positive deeds, actions and activities. Employees want to be appreciated, they wish for returns on their investment of physical emotional and cognitive energies, and all the extra efforts they did to accomplish organizational goal. 2. 1 Issues and recommendation 2. 2 ISSUES Retention of employees within the organization has become an issue of great importance in the business world of huge competition during the last few decades. If the employees within the organization are not satisfied and motivated there is high chance of losing the employees in a highly competitive market. To reduce the risk of losing the trained and experience employees the organization should have to be involved in motivating them by considering their needs. (Zareen, 2013) Due to the development of the competitive firms there are many attracting opportunity for the skilled and experienced labors, and if these employees are not happy within the organization then there is chance of losing them. If there are not retained on the job then organization losing up the investment they made to develop and train them. This will lead to a less efficient labor by less quality products. World is suffering from shortage of talent, talented workers are difficult to attain, expensive to train and highly important to retain. With this if those who are already employed leave the organization in high numbers the organization will suffer in response. Retention of employees with the organization optimizes their performance and increase organizational productivity 2. 3 RECOMMONDATION As a solution for the issues employee retention and reduce the turnover by getting the return for the investment an organization invested to training and development their employees, I would suggest to keep the employees motivated. Motivation is the next stage of satisfaction and necessary for the long term goals of the organization. An effective reward system can retain the employees but an ineffective reward system leads them to higher turnover (Hafiza, N. S. , et. al. 2011) the decision of effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the reward system can only be taken according the psychological. Motivating the employees can help to increase the performance of the employees resulting with numerous benefits to the organization. Motivation will help to retain the employees within the organization. In order to retain the staff the management can come up with a successful retention plan. Since employees of the organization are viewed as an asset of the organization it is very important to identify the purpose of labor in an organization, and to facilitate them to perform their task. Therefore it is no doubt that human resource development has a very huge connection with the performance of the employees. An efficient labor force would be able to generate high profit to the organization. And also will help to provide quality products. Therefore performance of the employees determines the level development of skills and competency is required to perform the job 3- Conclusion Training is a key element for improved performance; it can increase the level of individual and organizational competency. It helps to reconcile the gap between what should happen and what is happening between desired targets or standards and actual levels of work performance. Training need is any shortfall in employee performance, or potential performance which can be remedied by appropriate training. There are many ways of overcoming deficiencies in human performance at work, and training is one of them. To fully capture the value training can provide, organizations should develop a training plan that matches user preferences to training modalities and training needs. The training plan should include an instrument to measure the return on investment in categories such as productivity gains, reduced equipment usage, reduced product failure, improved customer service, compliance, increased employee morale/retention and revenue gains. Human resource development plays a very important role in development of the employees. They facilitate them to learn and develop them self. This help to produce committed employees who work to achieve the organizational goals. These employees will be motivated which leads to quality performance by increasing the organization revenue. These motivated employees will loyal towards the organization and this will help to retain them in the organization. Losing a trained and experience staff will be a huge lose for the organization. The human capital investment process will be carried thought the organization life. But with this process the management should have to make sure that the return o this investment is being gained through quality performance by the employees. If this is process is overlooked them the company is waiting the money. Reference Dennis, M. C. (n. d. ). http://www. coveringcredit. com/business_credit_articles/Credit_Management/art204. shtml. Retrieved 06 20, 2013, from www. coveringcredit. com: http://www. coveringcredit. com/business_credit_articles/Credit_Management/art204. html Leaser, D. (2012). Value of training . In D. Leaser, Value of training (p. 14). New york : Copyright IBM Corporation 2008. Riley, J. (2012, Sept 23). http://www. tutor2u. net/business/gcse/people_motivation_introduction. htm.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Crime and Violence in Film essays

Crime and Violence in Film essays The films Bonnie and Clyde (1967, Arthur Penn) and Scarface (1932, Howard Hawks) are set in the same basic time period, the 1930s, though the films were made more than thirty years apart and reflect different sensibilities in keeping with the time of production. At the same time, they also reflect certain similar ideas about the nature of crime and violence, its origin, and the societal elements that contribute to crime and violence. Both films are violent, though the 1967 film is more overtly violent and also more able to show the results of violence in a more realistic way as people whoa re shot bleed, often profusely, unlike the characters in the 1932 film, who are more likely to be shot and expire with hardly a mark on them. The gangster film is a uniquely American genre based on a number of images and characters found in film after film. Thomas Schatz describes film genres as something that can be viewed as systems that have developed within the confines of commercial filmmaking in order to sell films to audiences that want a certain type of experience. Any genre can also be defined as a cultural artifact that becomes a meaningful system when recognized as such. The gangster genre is one genre based on an inherent ambiguity in terms of the underlying value system, and in time this ambiguity has worked its way into American culture (Schatz 95). The screen gangster emerged from headlines beginning in the 1920s as "Hollywood exploited the notoriety and social significance of their real-world counterparts while it adjusted their character and environment to the peculiar demands of Hollywood narrativity" (Schatz 82). Scarface is such a fim and was produced at a time when the pubic was much interested i n and frightened of gangsters who were at the time creating a bloodbath on the streets of cities like Chicago. Scarface Camonte in the 1932 film is an ambitious man on the rise in his world because of his brutality, and th...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

GOSSIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GOSSIP - Essay Example For Dunbar (2004), gossip’s function is to weed out unscrupulous individuals which, in turn, helps the species to propagate. These two theories are examined in depth below. The first theory that will be examined is one put forth by Wert and Salovey in their article â€Å"A Social Comparison Account of Gossip† (Wert & Salovey, 2004). Wert & Salovey state that gossip has a function in social comparison theory, which states that we, as human beings, have a need to compare ourselves to others, because, by doing this, we are evaluating ourselves by actual, objective criteria (Wert & Salovey, 2004, p. 123). Wert & Salovey’s theory is helpful to understand why people gossip in a negative way, despite the fact that such gossip may backfire on the gossiper because the people hearing the gossip may feel threatened because the gossiper probably negatively talks about the hearer in the same way (Kurland & Pelled, 2000, p. 429). The six types of this kind of social comparison , and how gossip functions in each, are defined below. The first kind of comparison examined is the comparison with similar others. Gossip serves a function is this kind of comparison, because individuals are trying to figure out how to behave and act, and how not to behave and act, by comparing themselves to these similar peers. ... This kind of comparison is sought to make people feel better about themselves – as in thinking â€Å"my life isn’t great, but look at that person – my life certainly could get worse† (Wert & Salovey, 2004, p. 125). Gossiping serves a purpose in this kind of comparison, because it provides a way to indirectly compare oneself to others who are less fortunate or less skilled then oneself, and this bolster’s one’s self-esteem (Wert & Salovey, 2004, p. 125). The third type of social comparison is the upward social comparison, in which one compares oneself to others higher on the proverbial totem pole. One of the functions of this kind of gossip is to tear down the wealthy person if one does not have a chance to attain the wealth for oneself, and this can result from a feeling of injustice, in that the person does not â€Å"deserve† his or her wealth(Wert & Salovey, 2004, p. 127). The fourth type is in-group and out-group comparisons. This i s a classic â€Å"them v. us† comparison. In this case, gossip serves the purpose of making the out-group seem negative, in order to bolster the in-group, and the individuals’ sense of identity that comes from belonging to the in-group (Wert & Salovey, 2004, pp. 127-128). It also establishes who is and who is not a part of the group, as well as establishing the norms for the in-group (Wert & Salovey, 2004, p. 128). Baumeister et al., (2004) refers to this as gossip as cultural learning, in that people in a given culture may learn more about their own culture by relating the successes and failures of others, both within and without that culture (Baumeister et al, 2004, p. 120). Related to in-group and out-group comparisons is the fifth type of social comparison, which is constructed social comparisons, in which an

Monday, February 3, 2020

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anthropology - Essay Example cide and ‘female genital mutilation’ are two of the practices that I would like to discuss looking from the point of view of a cultural relativist and later observe it as an ethnocentric anthropologist would. A cultural relativist would view these practices in the socio-cultural perspective of the people where it is practices and rationalise it as per the need and demand of the people and place. Infanticide is still prevalent in the far-east, especially in some part of India. It is the practice of killing infants in womb of the mother, especially if it is a girl child. As per the Indian custom, male children are supposed to carry on the family name and traditions and they are often preferred over girl child. It is also believed that last rites of a dead person must be carried by his or her ‘son’ so that he attains salvation of the soul. Under dire economic compulsions, mothers have been forced to kill the infant in the womb. On the other hand, female genital mutilation is practices among certain Moslim clan where pre pubescent girls are forced to undergo surgical mutilation of their genitals without anaesthesia. The Moslems believe that Quran1, their religious scripture, promoted this practice so that women do not become promiscuous and men are not swayed from the path of religion. It is the decree of Allah2, therefore, it is the personal choice of the individuals following that religion. As an ethnocentric anthropologist and as an American, I am totally aghast that such practices are still in vogue. Acts and proclamations that do not conform to basic human values of freedom of spirit and compassion for fellow human being, must be stopped at the earliest, even if they are carried on, in the name of religion and culture. Infanticide and FGM3 are both barbaric acts which violate the basic values of our race. Infanticide is killing of another human being and no matter what the compulsions are behind the deed, it is a murder of the first order and the

Sunday, January 26, 2020

J M Smucker Company Marketing Essay

J M Smucker Company Marketing Essay J.M Smucker Company has been providing the quality products to consumers since 1879. Jeromer Monroe Smucker, the founder of Smucker Company introduced the Company with limited products of jams, jellies, and preserves. To grow existing brands, introduce new products, and make strategic acquisitions is the main J.M Smuckers corporate strategy. These three strategies are focus mainly on the North America. Today, Smucker Company exceeds in manufacturing and marketing of fruit spreads, retail packaged coffee, peanut butter, shortening and oils, ice cream toppings, sweetened, condensed milk, and health and natural beverage all across North America. J.M Smucker has its own house brand and is the owner of all trademarks except Pillsburry, the Barrelhead logo. Its house brand includes Smucker, Folgers, Dunkin Donut, Jif, Crisco, Eagle, R.W. Knudsen, Hungry Jack, Cafà © Bustelo, White Lily, Five Roses, and Carnation etc. With the policy of Owning and Marketing Number 1 brand sold all around the North America, Smucker Company has been able to remain in the top quartile of Fortunes magazine since the magazine created the ranking. SWOT Analysis Strengths The Company is able to become No. 1 food brand Company in North America because of its remarkable strengths. Smuckers has always been cautious in the series of the acquisition of new Company. Smuckers tries to acquire only established brands than building a new brand from scratch. They also focus on the only brands they think they could develop globally and reduce the number of unwilling items. Smuckers Company has the ability to shift sales to products with higher margins increasing the efficiency and pulling down the unit costs. J.M Smucker never back up themselves when it comes with competing branded food manufacturers or private-label manufacturers. Smuckers strengths also include its ability to keep employees happy and it remains Fortune Magazines top 25 companies. Weakness Even though the Company was doing better in USA, Canada, and Australia; however, globally the company was becoming less relevant. The Companys 2001 annual sales were far less comparatively to other big companys sales. The Company small size and limited product line made it less capable in competitive bargain advantages and in store production. The Company was lacking house-sale product and also lacking of effective marketing for their low sugar free jams. There could be a possible susceptible to lawsuits from product mislabeling. Opportunity J.M Company has been producing attractive products and brands. But huge competitors with the big scale such as Nestle were also encouraging Smuckers Company to go from limited product line to consolidation in order to have a smooth flow in the business. Thus co-branding with other companies, taking over the Multifoods, and targeting baby boomers those were looking for peanut butter substitutes makes the most of the opportunity. They also got the opportunity of a service division to restaurant, schools, hospital, college students, corporate, private schools, and country club. During the 90s the woman working outside was increasing remarkably; they were eating their lunches outside their houses that helps increase significant percentage in food market. The Company increase overall profitability. Threat There were many external threats to the Smucker Company; major one includes the competition such as Kraft, Nestle, and Campbell. Another threat concludes the fierce competition between the branded food manufacturer and private label manufacturer. Private manufacturers price was attractively below then the branded label. There was a significant increase in the fruit prices from growers that leads the Company use less real fruit decreasing the quality of the product. Consumer tastes were also considers a substantial psychological threat which could make the customer substitute the Smuckers product with others. Recommendation Smucker is a small Company comparing to the giant Company like Nestle. In the competitive market, Smuckers has done its best performance by acquiring the other company making the Company looks bigger. But such rapid consolidation can cause a lot of problem. The latest addition of Crisco and Jiff, as well as much other small and big company has created much concern for the Smukers company. Smuckers sales was projected to go up from $ 651 million in 2001 to 3$ billion in 2002, nearly four times larger. Such marketing plan can cause the Corporates culture and management problem. Smuckers Company need to take it easy in the acquisition process and shouldnt rush trying to increase the majority sell. Smuckers must bring change in the management and make sure of the Companys better culture. The management of each unit needs to be reorganized with a new division. The second recommendation to Smuckers Company is while making a decision weather which product to keep on the market. Company should only focus on the profitability unit and eliminate the product that hasnt added any value to the companys operation. Doing so, Company will have a strong control into its operation. Company should try its best to regulate on further horizontal integration until it is well establish and ready for the vertical integration. For the continued success of the company, research and development would be very important. R D has made it possible for the companys largest growth segment in their Un-Crustable products. Improvement in the technology and innovation will offer the Company with best packaging design that will increase the number of customers. They should also investigate the cost saving measures in production, marketing, and distribution because the market for Smuckers is quiet cost sensitive. Product and process innovation will definitely bring the cost benefit to the company. .

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Project Recommendation Email Essay

  We have three project proposals to consider in next week’s Project Management Office’s (PMO) Review. Piper Industries Corp. needs the projects to be complete and to be generating review within 12 months of next week’s PMO Review. Wendell Deirelein, our vice-president, has assigned your team to analyze the three projects below and make a recommendation on which project the company should invest in. The recommendation must include your team description of the five phases of the project and the key deliverables (project completion date and cost) for each project. Project Code Name: Juniper †¢This is an enhancement of a current widget being offered by our company. †¢Risk of completion of this project on time is low. †¢Product plan shows the critical path to be 6 months at a cost of $325,000 to bring the product to market. †¢Product is forecasted to have a ROI of $250,000 for a period of 2 to 3 years. †¢The third year is forecasted to be the end of life for this product line due to advances projected in technology. †¢This is a standard product line that marketing believes many customers will want to purchase. Project Code Name: Palomino †¢This is a new line of widget products including enhancements using existing technology. †¢Risk for completion of this project on time is medium. †¢Production plan shows the critical path to be 9 months at a cost of $655,000 to bring the product to market. †¢Product is forecasted to have a ROI of $450,000 for a period of 5 years. †¢This product will be a custom part for one of your strategic customers—historically the forecasts from this customer have a 5% margin of error. †¢The seventh year is forecasted to be the end of life for this product by the customer. Project Code Name: Stargazer †¢Research and development has already started on our new widgets. The company has spent $450,000 on this product so far and the estimate to bring this product to market is $575,000. †¢Risk of completing this project on time is high. †¢Product is forecasted to have ROI of $300,000 first year; $550,000 the second year; and $750,000 the third year. †¢The product life is forecasted to be 7 years for this product. (This forecast included derivative product which will cost more). †¢By delivering such an innovative product to the market place first, your organization will be seen as a leader in this industry. †¢Your sales and marketing teams have discussed this type of product with a few of your strategic customers; while some are interested, there are many questions about the business. Sincerely, Ray Gritsch Piper Industries Corporation

Friday, January 10, 2020

How does Shakespeare present tension Essay

      The contrast in speech also applies to the language of the spirits of the Island which are shown to be quite delicate and poetic â€Å"wild waves whist†, Shakespeare uses alliteration of the letter ‘w’ to slows the pace of the speech and produces sounds that makes Ariel seem less human or earth-bound but instead of the air or the waves. In contrast to the way Prospero treats Caliban, Prospero treats Ariel with affection, â€Å"my dainty Ariel†. Shakespeare uses the emphasis on the word â€Å"my† to suggest that Prospero is fonder of the possession of Ariel than Ariel himself. If the Island can be taken as a metaphor for humanity versus nature then the differences in the way Caliban and Ariel are treated by Prospero defines humanity’s ambitions and fears. Prospero treats Ariel with love because he is an asset to him, â€Å"fine apparition, my quant Ariel†, and because of the power that Prospero gains through that control that makes him appear almost God-like. Humans control the elements to gain a level of direction in their lives, to make sense of the meaninglessness of life. It is this direction that leads Prospero to believe and aspire to be like God because it strangles the connection between him and the repulsive beings of nature he has power over, such as Caliban. Equality leads to lack of control and it is Caliban’s adamant rebellion to be seen inferior that sickens Prospero. In the Tempest, Caliban represents people’s natural state and when Prospero oppresses Caliban, Shakespeare is creating an image of civilisation repressing their natural selves and concluding that the tensions between civilisation and nature only exist because of the way civilisation resents it’s natural state. When Gonzalo speaks of his golden age he is explaining a world where nature and civilisation could exist as one without the tensions that are so apparent in the rest of the play. Gonzalo would have â€Å"use of service, none†, â€Å"no occupation† but rather live innocently with nature bringing â€Å"forth of its own kind, all foison†¦ † Shakespeare uses the structure of the speech, interrupted continuously by Antonio and Sebastian, to perhaps mock the idea and highlight its faults. The idea itself comes from a French philosopher who describes how the Europeans corrupted America with its advanced influence. Through Sebastian and Antonio, Shakespeare is undermining his words and this implies that his own opinion could be that nature and civilisation can never both exist without the differences or hostility between the two. I believe Shakespeare presents the tensions between Civilisation and Nature not as to highlight their difference, but rather to highlight the tension that is created by society’s denial in their similarities. Perhaps the repulsion of Caliban is seen as a rejection of each of the more civilised characters untamed selves, their more ‘sophisticated’ selves portrayed as wit, cunning or power. By this, I could say that Shakespeare is presenting Caliban as the only true character in the whole play, though coarse and unrefined he is evidently not a master of politics or scheming, such as the characters of Antonio and Sebastian, which has been learnt through the highest classes of civilised society. In this, Shakespeare is saying that both nature and civilisation are equal, the only difference being that nature is not in a state of self denial. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE The Tempest section.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Effects Of Alcohol Related Deaths On Aboriginal People...

Throughout history, Aboriginal Canadian’s have had to endure many social injustices which have negatively affected their overall health and well-being. These injustices include items such as assimilation, oppression, segregation, and racism. While all of these injustices have resulted in poor socioeconomic and health related issues, this student feels that the introduction of alcohol has greatly added to the deterioration of Aboriginal people’s health and well-being. In fact, â€Å"75 percent of all [Aboriginal] residents feel alcohol use is a problem in their community† (Khan, 2014, para. 11). What is even more alarming to learn is that alcohol related deaths are four to nine times higher for Aboriginal Canadians opposed to non-Aboriginal Canadians (Belanger, 2014). For the purpose of this paper, this student will highlight the precipitating factor which lead to alcohol abuse, consider the negative effects associated with alcohol and how they impact Aboriginal c ommunities, describe how one can develop a community based plan, and determine whether or not the community based plan will help to reduce alcohol abuse within Aboriginal communities. Precipitating Factor Before one can formulate a plan, regarding the subject of alcohol abuse and addiction, one needs to develop a thorough understanding of the introduction of alcohol within Aboriginal communities and how this introduction impacted Aboriginal health and well-being. Contact between the Aboriginal people and the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Abuse Within Native American Societies Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesEnglishmen and the introduction of new knowledge and tools Native people have been trying to hold on to their own culture and their own way of life. 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